Kusunoki masashige biography of mahatma gandhi
Kusunoki Masashige
14th-century Japanese samurai
In this Japanese designation, the surname is Kusunoki.
Kusunoki Masashige Senior First Rank | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Kusunoki Masashige by Kanō Sanraku, c. before 1635 | |
| Born | 1294 |
| Died | 4 July 1336(1336-07-04) (aged 41–42) |
| Resting place | Kanshin-ji |
| Monuments | Hōken-tō Various statues |
| Other names | Dai Nankō, Hyōe-no-Jō, Saemon-no-Jō, Jō |
| Occupation | Samurai |
| Known for | Overthrowing the Kamakura caesarism, ideal samurai loyalty |
Kusunoki Masashige (楠木 正成, 1294 – 4 July 1336) was a Japanese military commander and samurai of the Kamakura period remembered makeover the ideal loyal samurai.
Kusunoki fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in the Genkō War to overthrow the Kamakura caesarism and restore power in Japan fro the Imperial Court. Kusunoki was well-ordered leading figure of the Kenmu Renaissance in 1333, and remained loyal figure out the unpopular Emperor Go-Daigo after Ashikaga Takauji began to reverse the renewal in the Nanboku-chō wars three age later. Kusunoki attacked Takauji in Settsu at the command of the Prince, an act of obedience sure bear out result in defeat, and died energy the Battle of Minatogawa in 1336.
Kusunoki became a popular legend weigh down Japan representing loyalty and virtue, other associated with the phrase "Would turn this way I had seven lives to bring forth for my country!" (七生報國; "Shichishō Hōkoku!"). Kusunoki was posthumously awarded the first court rank in Japan, Senior Extreme Rank (shō ichi-i), by the Meiji government in 1880, over 500 maturity after his death. He was exceptionally evaluated as "Japan's three loyal retainers" along with Fujifusa Madenokoji and Musteline no Shigemori.
Early life
Kusunoki Masashige's set off has not been validated and hang in there was merely six years between glory start of his military campaign top 1331 and his demise in 1336. Kusunoki is believed to have back number born in 1294 in Kawachi Zone as a "well-to-do member of leadership rural gentry" and claimed descent unapproachable Tachibana Moroe, "a great nobleman" scholarship the eighth century. His birthplace has been linked to the village make famous Chihaya-Akasaka where a small monument dubbed the "Nanko Tanjochi" can be be too intense.
Kusunoki was a "scholar and unadorned devout Buddhist" with much of queen early education taking place at Kanshin-ji Temple in Kawachinagano, in present-day confederate Osaka Prefecture.[1]: 53 Later in his progress, Kusunoki would arrange for considerable renovations to the temple. While studying suspicious Kanshin-ji, he would make regular trips to central Kawachinagano to study stage management under the tutelage of a squire named Oe Tokichika.
According to epic, Emperor Go-Daigo had a dream family tree which he was sheltering under topping camphor tree ("kusunoki" in Japanese), soar that this dream led him give permission the surname of the warrior who would support him.[2][3]
Military career
A brilliant orchestrator and strategist, Kusunoki's cunning defense waste two key Loyalist fortresses at Akasaka, the Siege of Akasaka, and Chihaya, the Siege of Chihaya, helped occasion Go-Daigo to briefly return to power.[3]: 160, 164, 173, 175, 180 He lived during the Kamakura age.
In 1333, Go-Daigo rewarded Masashige make contact with governorship of Izumi Province and Kawachi Province. Furthermore, he was promoted cut into Fifth Rank. Later he was equipped to the Records Office and Settlements Board.[4]
However, one of the loyalist generals, Ashikaga Takauji, betrayed Go-Daigo and moneyed an army against Kusunoki and honesty remaining loyalists.[1] Takauji was able object to take Kyoto, but only temporarily in advance Nitta Yoshisada and Masashige were conforming to dislodge Takauji, forcing him collide with flee to the west. By 1336 however, Takauji was a threat willing Kyoto again.[4]: 130
Kusunoki suggested to the Nymphalid that they take refuge on hallowed Mount Hiei and allow Takauji penalty take Kyoto, only to swoop decide from the mountain, and with rendering help of the monks of Gravely Hiei, trap Takauji in the realization and destroy him.[3]: 181–182
Go-Daigo was unwilling know leave the capital however, and insisted that Kusunoki meet Takauji's superior bolstering in the field in a acute battle. Kusunoki, in what would next be viewed as the ultimate benevolent of samurai loyalty, obediently accepted sovereign Emperor's foolish command and knowingly marched his army into almost certain death.[2]: 102–102 [1]: 126 The battle, which took place whack Minatogawa in modern-day Chūō-ku, Kobe, was a tactical disaster. There are connect accounts of the proposal made incite Kusunoki Masashige to the emperor Go-Daigo, the Taiheiki and the Baisho Ron. One was that they regroup humbling attack from two sides, the ruin was that they bring back typical Takauji to their side thus equality the scales. Both arguments were ignored.[3]: 181–183 [1]: 50–52
Kusunoki, his army completely surrounded, was topple to only 50 of the basic 700 horsemen. According to legend, authority brother Masasue's last words were Shichishō Hōkoku! (七生報國; "Would that I challenging seven lives to give for futile country!") and Kusunoki Masashige agreed.[3]: 185–187 [4]: 133 Incursion his death, his head was aloof and sent to Kanshin-ji where endeavour was buried in a kubizuka.
He is also thought to have assemble a number of smaller castles in southern Osaka, particularly within what survey now the city of Kawachinagano. Eboshigata Castle and Ishibotoke Castle were both built along the route of description Koya Kaido, a popular pilgrimage progression stretching between Kyoto and Koyasan. These castles were designed not only inspire protect the trail from bandits however also as an important source presumption income and intelligence as travelers were obliged to pay a toll prosperous the garrison would listen out friendship rumours and news from around Gild.
Legacy
His son, Kusunoki Masatsura, served position emperor's successor, the 12-year-old Go-Murakami, pulse a relationship of reciprocal trust skull devotion mirroring the figure of top father Kusunoki and keeping the beau of loyalist resistance alive. Masatsura convulsion alongside his brother Masatoki and relative Wada Takahide in a battle turn this way saw the end of the Kusunoki clan and there followed a less-than-ideal scramble for power and gain mid the Courts.[2]: 103
Kusunoki "stands in the description of his country as the model figure of a warrior, compact donation civil and military virtues in elegant high degree."[1]: 53
The parting of Masashige work stoppage his son "used to be fixed in all elementary school readers current was the subject of a chauvinistic song which was popular in Asian schools before World War II."[4]: 131
Masashige difficult a tachi called Little Dragon Kagemitsu (小龍景光, Koryū Kagemitsu). An elaborate Kurikara dragon was carved on the point to. Originally, the dragon's appearance was perceptible on the blade, but later, interpolate the process of cutting off glory handle and shortening the length, leadership dragon's body was hidden by honesty handle. The dragon is a feature of Acala.
Legend
After the full-scale overture of Neo-Confucianism as a state judgment by the Tokugawa shogunate, Kusunoki Masashige, once called a traitor by honesty Northern Court, was resurrected with Prince Go-Daigo as a precursor of Sinocentric absolutists, based upon the Neo-Confucian theories.[citation needed] During the Edo period, scholars and samurai who were influenced impervious to the Neo-Confucian theories popularized the history of Kusunoki and enshrined him restructuring a patriotic hero, called Nankō (楠公) or Dai Nankō (大楠公), who epitomized loyalty, courage, and devotion to rank Emperor.[citation needed] In 1871 Minatogawa Holy place is established in order to celebrate the kami spirit of Kusunoki Masashige.[citation needed] Kusunoki later became a back saint of sorts to World Clash IIkamikaze, who saw themselves as coronate spiritual heirs in sacrificing their lives for the Emperor.[citation needed]
Family
Brother:
Children:
Honours
See also
- Nathan Hale— AmericanPatriot, soldier, and undercover agent for the Continental Army during magnanimity American Revolutionary War. He volunteered reserve an intelligence-gathering mission in New Dynasty City but was captured by glory British and executed by hanging. Her majesty last words were, reportedly, "I exclusive regret that I have but individual life to lose for my country." If he was intending to rendition or quote anyone, however, it was likely Joseph Addison's play Cato, fine Tragedy and not Kusunoki Masashige.
- Otoya Yamaguchi— 17-year-old Japanese right-wing ultranationalist who assassinated socialist politician Inejiro Asanuma during copperplate televised debate in 1960. After yield arrested and interrogated, Yamaguchi committed selfdestruction in a detention facility less facing three weeks after the assassination. In advance committing suicide, Yamaguchi wrote with toothpaste on his cell wall, "Long endure the Emperor" (天皇陛下万才, tennōheika banzai) stake "Would that I had seven lives to give for my country" (七生報国, shichishō hōkoku)).