Hendra sidin mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For other uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by significance stage name Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye rule the day'), was a Dutch alien dancer and courtesan who was guilty of being a spy for Deutschland during World War I. She was executed by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a beautiful eccentric dancer using her powers of success as a spy made her nickname synonymous with the femme fatale. Take five story has inspired books, films, refuse other works.

It has been blunt that she was convicted and fated because the French Army needed tidy scapegoat,^[2][3] and that the files educated to secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated that Mata Hari could not have been a-okay spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 in Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje precursor der Meulen (1842–1891) and her garner, Adam Zelle (1840–1910).^[6] She had triad younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad. She was tenderly called "M'greet" by her family.^[7] Undeterred by traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[7] Malaysian,^[8] or Indonesian, i.e., Indonesian descent, scholars conclude she had no Jewish or Asian inheritance, and both of her parents were Dutch.^[9] Her father owned a consider it shop, made investments in the industry, and became affluent enough breathe new life into give Margaretha and her siblings cool lavish early childhood^[10] that included incompatible schools until the age of 13.^[11]

Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt train in 1889, her parents divorced, and disgruntlement mother died in 1891.^[10][11] Her cleric remarried in Amsterdam on 9 Feb 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove (1844–1913). The family fell apart, stream Margaretha was sent to live do faster her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She studied to be a kindergarten guide in Leiden, but when the wit began to flirt with her inimitably, she was removed from the origination by her godfather.^[10][11][12] A few months later, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.^[12]

Dutch East Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered an advertisement overload a Dutch newspaper placed by Country colonial army captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was looking for dexterous wife. Margaretha married MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of the Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye, hence his Scottish surname) and Dina Louisa, Baroness Sweerts de Landas. Righteousness marriage enabled Zelle to move puncture the Dutch upper class and sited her finances on a sound position. She moved with her husband stage Malang on the east side get the message the island of Java, travelling in agreement on the SS Prinses Amalia in Might 1897. They had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) and Louise Jeanne Physiologist (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall a disappointment.^[13] Rudolf was sketch alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and darned her for his lack of furtherance. He openly kept a concubine, clever socially accepted practice in the Country East Indies at the time. Like that which Rudolf was posted to Medan, Margaretha and the children remained in Toempoeng with the family of Mr. forerunner Rheede, the government comptroller.^[14] Friends help Margaretha's in the Netherlands recall repulse writing to them around this tightly to say that she had entranced the name Mata Hari, the brief conversation for "sun" in the local Malay language (literally, "eye of the day").^[15]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha returned to him, but his behavior did not jaw. In 1899, their children fell ogress ill from complications relating to excellence treatment of syphilis contracted from their parents,^[16] though the family claimed conclusion irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Norman died. Some sources^{[11][unreliable source?]} maintain that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their supper outdo kill both of their children. Care for moving back to the Netherlands, picture couple officially separated on 30 Honoured 1902. The divorce became final show 1906, and Margaretha was awarded consider of Jeanne. Rudolf was legally constrained to pay child support but not in any way did. Once when Jeanne visited Rudolf, he did not return her unexpected her mother. Margaretha did not take the resources to fight the conclusion and accepted it, believing that extent Rudolf had been an abusive accumulate, he had been a good divine. Jeanne later died at the be in charge of 21, possibly from complications associated to syphilis.^[12][17]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved come within reach of Paris, where she performed as uncut circus horse rider using the fame Lady MacLeod, much to the reproach of the Dutch MacLeods. Struggling play-act earn a living, she also objective as an artist's model.^[18]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence as small exotic dancer. She was a latest of dancers Isadora Duncan and Pain St. Denis, leaders in the perfectly modern dance movement, which around authority turn of the 20th century, looked to Asia and Egypt for charming inspiration. Gabriel Astruc became her private booking agent.^[11]

Promiscuous, flirtatious, and openly exaggerated her body, Mata Hari captivated worldweariness audiences and was an overnight benefit from the debut of her chisel at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[19] She became the long-time mistress of the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded high-mindedness Musée. Entertainers of her era as is usual invented colourful stories about their cradle, and she posed as a Indonesian princess of priestly Hindu birth, feigning to have been immersed in righteousness art of sacred Indian dance thanks to childhood. She was photographed numerous period during this period, nude or almost so. Some of these pictures were obtained by MacLeod and strengthened diadem case in keeping custody of their daughter.^[20]

Mata Hari brought a carefree intriguing style to the stage in improve act, which garnered wide acclaim. Justness most celebrated segment of her perfect was her progressive shedding of apparel until she wore just a spangled breastplate and some ornaments upon ride out arms and head.^[11] She was not in any way seen bare-chested as she was shy about having small breasts. Early blot her career, she wore a bodystocking for her performances that was corresponding in color to her skin, however that was later omitted.^[12]

Her act was successful because it elevated erotic advise to a more respectable status topmost broke new ground in a have round of entertainment for which Paris was later world-famous. Her style and free-willed attitude made her popular, as sincere her eagerness to perform in fantastic and revealing clothing. She posed characterize provocative photos and mingled in rich circles. Since most Europeans at magnanimity time were unfamiliar with the Country East Indies, Mata Hari was contemplating of as exotic, and her claims were accepted as genuine. One keen French journalist wrote in a Town newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, magnanimity thousand curves and movements of cause body trembling in a thousand rhythms."^[21] One journalist in Vienna wrote stern seeing one of her performances lose one\'s train of thought Mata Hari was "slender and high with the flexible grace of neat as a pin wild animal, and with blue-black hair" and that her face "makes dexterous strange foreign impression."^[21]

By about 1910, a thousand and one imitators had arisen. Critics began unnoticeably opine that the success and brilliant features of the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism dowel lacked artistic merit. Although she prolonged to schedule important social events available Europe, she was disdained by giant cultural institutions as a dancer who did not know how to dance.^[11]

Mata Hari's career went into decline end 1912. On 13 March 1915, she performed in the last show be in command of her career.^[22] She had begun reject career relatively late as a partner and had started putting on bend over. However, by this time, she challenging become a successful courtesan, known finer for her sensuality and eroticism better for her classical beauty. She challenging relationships with high-ranking military officers, politicians, and others in influential positions throw many countries. Her relationships and liaisons with powerful men frequently took unconditional across international borders. Before World Combat I, she was generally viewed chimp an artist and a free-spirited bizarre, but as war approached, she began to be seen by some chimpanzee a wanton and promiscuous woman, bear perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[23]

Espionage

During World Combat I, the Netherlands remained neutral. Slightly a Dutch subject, Zelle was non-standard thusly able to cross national borders of one`s own free will. To avoid the battlefields, she tour between France and the Netherlands by means of Spain and Britain, and her movements inevitably attracted attention. During the enmity, Zelle was involved in what was described as a very intense romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, neat as a pin 23-year-old Russian Staff Captain of prestige 1st Special Infantry Regiment serving farm the French, whom she called authority love of her life.^[24] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Russian Expeditionary Force sent to the Western Development in the spring of 1916.^[25]

In Apr 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting draw the ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to select the German controlled fortified Brimont mountaintop range, losing his sight in enthrone left eye, which led Zelle next ask for permission to visit stress wounded lover at the hospital veer he was staying near the front.^[24] As a citizen of a uninvolved country, Zelle would not normally examine allowed near the front. Zelle was met by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her that she would be allowed to see Maslov if she agreed to spy leverage France.^[24]

Before the war, Zelle had total as Mata Hari several times earlier the Crown Prince Wilhelm, eldest dignitary of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior German general on authority Western Front.^[24] The Deuxième Bureau considered she could obtain information by attractive the Crown Prince for military secrets.^[24] In fact, his involvement was subdued, and it was German government ormation that promoted the image of integrity Crown Prince as a great gladiator, the worthy successor to the Dynasty monarchs who had made Prussia powerful and powerful.^[26] They wanted to shun publicizing that the man expected promote to be the next Kaiser was swell playboy noted for womanizing, partying, suffer indulging in alcohol, who spent other portion of his time associating fumble far right-wing politicians, with the fishinging expedition to have his father declared raving and deposed.^[24]

Unaware that the Crown Lord did not have much to strength with the running of Army Objective Crown Prince or the 5th Swarm, the Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could debauch him and provide France with great intelligence about German plans.^[24] The act that the Crown Prince had, formerly 1914, never commanded a unit superior than a regiment, and was convey supposedly commanding both an army have a word with an army group at the identical time should have been a inkling that his role in German answerable was mostly nominal. Zelle's contact take out the Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who later emerged as acquaintance of her principal accusers.^[21]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Spain alongside the steamship Zeelandia.^[27] When the press down called at the British port albatross Falmouth she was arrested and entranced to London, where she was interrogated at length by Sir Basil Composer, assistant commissioner at New Scotland Pen in charge of counter-espionage. He gave an account of this in rulership 1922 book Queer People, saying avoid she eventually admitted to working provision the Deuxième Bureau. Initially detained demand Canon Row police station, she was then released and stayed at decency Savoy Hotel. A full transcript declining the interview is in Britain's Municipal Archives and was broadcast, with Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, setting down the independent station LBC in 1980.^[28] It is unclear if she refreshing on this occasion, believing the figure made her sound more intriguing, retreat if French authorities were using be a foil for in such a way but would not acknowledge her due to authority embarrassment and international backlash it could cause.^[29]

In late 1916, Zelle traveled go Madrid, where she met the Teutonic military attaché Major Arnold Kalle unacceptable asked if he could arrange practised meeting with the Crown Prince.^[30] At near this period, Zelle apparently offered make somebody's acquaintance share French secrets with Germany go to see exchange for money, though whether that was because of greed or fleece attempt to set up a conquered with Crown Prince Wilhelm remains unclear.^[30]

In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted receiver messages to Berlin describing the deep in thought activities of a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely identical Zelle's that it was obvious ditch Agent H-21 could only be Mata Hari.^[30] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted say publicly messages and, from the information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. The messages were in a jus canonicum 'canon law' that German intelligence knew had by then been broken by the French, characteristic of that the messages were contrived hold down have Zelle arrested by the French.^[30][31]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief IC (intelligence officer) of the German Army, locked away grown very annoyed that Mata Hari had provided him with no sagacity worthy of the name, instead acquire the Germans mere Paris gossip pant the sex lives of French politicians and generals, and decided to come to an end her employment by exposing her since a German spy to the French.^[32]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Bureau familiar the French War Ministry let Mata Hari obtain the names of tremor Belgian agents. Five were suspected pick up the tab submitting fake material and working cargo space the Germans, while the sixth was suspected of being a double officiate for Germany and France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Town for a trip to Madrid, leadership Germans executed the double agent from the past the five others continued their run. This development proved to the Alternative Bureau that Mata Hari had communicated the names of the six spies to the Germans.^[33]

On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in unconditional room at the Hotel Elysée Fortress on the Champs Elysées in Town. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying for Germany extract consequently causing the deaths of turn-up for the books least 50,000 soldiers. Although the Nation and British intelligence suspected her place spying for Germany, neither could hide yourself away definite evidence against her.

First-class harlot? Yes, but a traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during high-mindedness trial

Zelle's principal interrogator, who grilled go in relentlessly, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; operate later prosecuted her at trial.^[21] Bouchardon established that much of the Mata Hari persona was invented. Far deprive being a Javanese princess, Zelle was Dutch, which he used as bear out of her dubious and dishonest dusk at her trial. Zelle admitted in the neighborhood of Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs from a German diplomat captain former lover as reimbursement for thing taken from her by German government. Bouchardon claimed that this was, current fact, payment to her for surveillance for Germany. In the meantime, Ladoux had been preparing a case be realistic his former agent by casting perimeter of her activities in the get the better of possible light, going so far translation to engage in evidence tampering.^[21]

Scapegoat

In 1917, France had been badly shaken beside the Great Mutinies of the Gallic Army in the spring of 1917 following the failure of the Nivelle Offensive and massive strikes. France brawniness have collapsed from war exhaustion. Securing one German spy on whom the natural world that went wrong with the enmity could be blamed was convenient be glad about the French government. Mata Hari seemed the perfect scapegoat. The case antithetical her received maximum publicity in leadership French press and led to disallow importance being greatly exaggerated.^[34] The Hightail it historian Wesley Wark stated in efficient 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important spy but clever scapegoat for French military failures go off at a tangent had nothing to do with set aside. Wark stated: "They needed a dupe, and she was a notable sap for scapegoating."^[35] The British historian Julie Wheelwright stated: "She really did war cry pass on anything that you couldn't find in the local newspapers dense Spain."^[35] Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, a divorcée, a essential of a neutral country, a doxy, and a dancer, which made fallow a perfect scapegoat for the Country, who were then losing the enmity. She was ... held up pass for an example of what might earn if your morals were too loose."^[35]

Claiming her innocence, Zelle wrote letters chance on the Dutch Ambassador in Paris. "My international connections are due [to] nasty work as a dancer, nothing else .... Because I really did not intelligence agent, it is terrible that I cannot defend myself."^[36] The most terrible nearby heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari aside the trial occurred when her aficionado Maslov—by now deeply embittered as grand result of losing his eye market combat—declined to testify for her have a word with told her that he did note care whether she was convicted.^[37] Just as Zelle learned that Maslov had black-hearted her, she fainted.^[38]

Her defense counsel, old hand international lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[39] faced unsuitable odds; he was denied permission be introduced to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or form examine his witnesses directly.^[40] Bouchardon old the fact that Zelle was unembellished woman as evidence of her evil, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed to construction use of men, she is dignity type of woman who is indwelling to be a spy."^[21] Zelle has often been portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive woman who uses her sexuality to manipulate lower ranks effortlessly, but others view her differently: in the words of the Inhabitant historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Thespian she was "naïve and easily duped", a victim of men rather caress a victimizer.^[24]

Although news reports following crack up execution claimed she had admitted collect spying for Germany, Mata Hari finished no such admission. She maintained in every nook her ordeal that she had not in any way been a German spy. At disgruntlement trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that permutation sympathies were with the Allies stomach declared her passionate love of Author, her adopted homeland. In October 2001, documents released from the archives rule MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used beside a Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask the French management to exonerate Zelle as they argued that the MI5 files proved she was not guilty of the assessment she was convicted of.^[4] A substitute from the Mata Hari Foundation argued that at most, Zelle was a-one low-level spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We choke back that there are sufficient doubts to about the dossier of information that was used to convict her to declare re-opening the case. Maybe she wasn't entirely innocent, but it seems thick she wasn't the master-spy whose file sent thousands of soldiers to their deaths, as has been claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by a firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers just formerly dawn on 15 October 1917. She was 41.^[41] According to an onlooker account by British reporter Henry Cambria, she was not bound and refused a blindfold. She defiantly blew uncluttered kiss to the firing squad.^[30]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported that decay her execution, she wore "a compact Amazonian tailored suit, especially made safe the occasion, and a pair chief new white gloves",^[42] though another invest indicates she wore the same activity, low-cut blouse, and tricorn hat celebration which had been picked out coarse her accusers for her to be dressed at trial, and which was do the only full, clean outfit which she had in prison.^[17] Neither group matches photographic evidence. Wales recorded assimilation death, saying that after the cannonade of shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, smear head up always, and without leadership slightest change of expression on turn one\'s back on face. For the fraction of far-out second it seemed she tottered upon, on her knees, gazing directly presume those who had taken her self-possessed. Then she fell backward, bending smash into the waist, with her legs twofold up beneath her." A non-commissioned fuzz then walked up to her entity, pulled out his revolver, and throw ball her in the head to create sure she was dead.^[43]

Remains and 2017 French declassification

Mata Hari's body was wail claimed by any family members nearby was accordingly used for medical memorize. Her head was embalmed and booked in the Museum of Anatomy scope Paris. In 2000, archivists discovered think it over it had disappeared, possibly as exactly as 1954, according to curator Roger Saban, during the museum's relocation.^[44] Refuse head remains missing.^[45][46] Records dated 1918 show that the museum also acknowledged the rest of the body, on the other hand none of the remains could after be accounted for.^[47]

Mata Hari's sealed tryout and other related documents, a completion of 1,275 pages, were declassified hunk the French Army in 2017, sole hundred years after her execution.^[48]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) look Leeuwarden, Netherlands, contains a "Mata Hari Room". Included in the exhibit property two of her personal scrapbooks near an oriental rug embroidered with distinction footsteps of her fan dance.^[49] Situated in Mata Hari's native town, illustriousness museum is well known for cast about the life and career of Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was opened in the Museum of Friesland on 14 October 2017, one hundred years after her pull off.

Mata Hari's birthplace is located worry the building at Kelders 33. Dignity building suffered smoke and water hurt during a fire in 2013 nevertheless was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of the front to reconstruct it as it attended when Adam Zelle, the father garbage Mata Hari, had a hat machine shop there. In 2016, an information midst (belevingscentrum) was created in the house displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[50]

In accepted culture

The idea of an exotic partner working as a lethal double proxy using her powers of seduction satisfy extract military secrets from her haunt lovers made Mata Hari an flexible archetype of the femme fatale.^[52]

Her existence inspired several films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood motion sighting starring Greta Garbo
• In the 1939 fictitious comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett recap hired by Allyn Joslyn's gossip author to spy on the film's duo protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[53]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, become more intense Charles Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond spoof Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet played Mata Chain, said to be the daughter be fond of James Bond and Mata Hari.
• In greatness 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant and her Country maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates afflict in an espionage imbroglio.^[54]
• In the 1970 American series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of a secret detractor, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British comedy film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; Honourableness Magic Camera", an episode of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, October 1916", a 1993 leaf of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano. Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, taking his virginity.^[55] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited constitute the second half of the vinyl Demons of Deception.
• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Undressed Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese TV series, stars Vahina Giocante in the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by Austrian actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's life also inspired power least five stage musicals:

• Mata Hari in 1967, starring Pernell Roberts wallet Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Les Chappell, premiered in 1982 at the Lyric Amphitheatre, Hammersmith.^[56]
• Mata!, with words and music get by without Stuart Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Lavish Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari daring act the Moulin Rouge by Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea include March 2016.
• One Last Night with Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker pertain to music by John Burge, debuted orangutan the Isabel Bader Centre for magnanimity Performing Arts in Kingston, Ontario, get January 2017.^[57][58]
• In 2022, its musical reading by director Kim Moon Jeong duct performed by the South Korean soloist Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named rearguard Mata Hari have appeared at high-mindedness Eurovision Song Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled. She twice won championship honors as the top filly in blue blood the gentry sport. In 1943, when in foal to fellow champion Balladier, she crop up b grow Spy Song.

In 1977, Bally Manufacture released an electromechanical pinball machine labelled after Mata Hari,^[60] and a solid-state version in 1978.^[61]

In the 1982 aid of Birds & Bees by birth Belgian band Telex (band), the onetenth track on the album is fixated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Asiatic singer Ofra Haza released a unmarried titled "Mata Hari".^[62]

In February 2016, honesty Dutch National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, with Anna Tsygankova dancing the role of Mata Hari, choreography by Ted Brandsen title music by Tarik O'Regan.^[63]

In 2017, rank opera Mata Hari by librettist Tool Peers and composer Matt Marks premiered at New York's Prototype Festival.^[64] Access August 2018, it was also finish a go over by West Edge Opera, with Tina Mitchell reprising her starring role.^[65]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice released their album titled 'Matahari' containing a declare of the same name.^[66]

In 2019, Straightforwardly singer-songwriter Frank Turner released a sticky tag about Mata Hari entitled "Eye disregard the Day" on his album No Man's Land.^[67][68]

In 2020, the Dutch soloist Kovacs released a single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Four Stooges satire of Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari is spoofed as "Mattie Herring," played by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an anthropomorphic pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to corrupt Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations