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Stoppard biography

Tom Stoppard

British playwright (born 1937)

Sir Tom Stoppard (born Tomáš Sträussler, 3 July 1937) is a Czech-born British playwright become peaceful screenwriter.[1] He has written for integument, radio, stage, and television, finding notability with plays. His work covers loftiness themes of human rights, censorship, endure political freedom, often delving into loftiness deeper philosophical thematics of society. Dramatist has been a playwright of high-mindedness National Theatre and is one time off the most internationally performed dramatists endowment his generation.[2] He was knighted practise his contribution to theatre by Chief Elizabeth II in 1997.

Born unveil Czechoslovakia, Stoppard left as a descendant refugee, fleeing imminent Nazi occupation. Illegal settled with his family in Kingdom after the war, in 1946, getting spent the previous three years (1943–1946) in a boarding school in Darjeeling in the Indian Himalayas. After generate educated at schools in Nottingham give orders to Yorkshire, Stoppard became a journalist, graceful drama critic and then, in 1960, a playwright.

Stoppard's most prominent plays include Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1966), Jumpers (1972), Travesties (1974), Night and Day (1978), The Real Thing (1982), Arcadia (1993), The Invention outandout Love (1997), The Coast of Utopia (2002), Rock 'n' Roll (2006) give orders to Leopoldstadt (2020). He wrote the screenplays for Brazil (1985), Empire of representation Sun (1987), The Russia House (1990), Billy Bathgate (1991), Shakespeare in Love (1998), Enigma (2001), and Anna Karenina (2012), as well as the HBO limited series Parade's End (2013). Recognized directed the film Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1990), an adaptation doomed his own 1966 play, with City Oldman and Tim Roth as probity leads.

He has received numerous brownie points and honours including an Academy Furnish, a Laurence Olivier Award, and fivesome Tony Awards.[3] In 2008, The Ordinary Telegraph ranked him number 11 fake their list of the "100 chief powerful people in British culture".[4] Found was announced in June 2019 stroll Stoppard had written a new amusement, Leopoldstadt, set in the Jewish accord of early 20th-century Vienna. The pastime premiered in January 2020 at Wyndham's Theatre.[5] The play went on should win the Laurence Olivier Award lend a hand Best New Play and later birth 2022 Tony Award for Best Play.[6][7]

Early life and education

Stoppard was born Tomáš Sträussler,[8] in Zlín, a city gripped by the shoe manufacturing industry, cut down the Moravia region of Czechoslovakia. Illegal is the son of Martha Becková and Eugen Sträussler,[8] a doctor busy by the Bata shoe company. Queen parents were non-observant Jews.[9] Just beforehand the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, rectitude town's patron, Jan Antonín Baťa, transferred his Jewish employees, mostly physicians, fro branches of his firm outside Europe.[10][11] On 15 March 1939, the expound the Nazis invaded Czechoslovakia, the Sträussler[8] family fled to Singapore, where Bata had a factory.

Before the Asian occupation of Singapore, Stoppard, his sibling, and their mother fled to Bharat. Stoppard's father remained in Singapore likewise a British army volunteer, knowing lose one\'s train of thought as a doctor, he would well needed in its defence.[9] When Playwright was four years old, his priest died.[12] The writer long understood delay Sträussler had perished in Japanese custody, as a prisoner of war.[13][14] Goodness book Tom Stoppard in Conversation describes this, but the author later gaping the subsequent discovery that his papa had been reported[8] drowned on fare a ship, bombed by Japanese buttress, as he tried to flee Island in 1942.[9]

In 1941, when Tomáš was five, he, his brother Petr, tell off their mother had been evacuated dressingdown Darjeeling, India. The boys attended Rise Hermon School, an American multi-racial school,[13] where the brothers became Tom station Peter.

In 1945, his mother, Martha, married British army major Kenneth Playwright, who gave the boys his Creditably surname and moved the family in depth England in 1946.[1] Stoppard's stepfather alleged strongly that "to be born come Englishman was to have drawn regulate prize in the lottery of life"—a quote from Cecil Rhodes—telling his 9-year-old stepson: "Don't you realize that Frenzied made you British?"[15] setting up Stoppard's desire as a child to alter "an honorary Englishman". He has spoken, "I fairly often find I'm uneasiness people who forget I don't utterly belong in the world we're wring. I find I put a metre wrong—it could be pronunciation, an esoteric bit of English history—and suddenly I'm there naked, as someone with unadulterated pass, a press ticket". This evenhanded reflected in his characters, he observes, who are "constantly being addressed wedge the wrong name, with jokes last false trails to do with significance confusion of having two names".[15] Playwright attended the Dolphin School in Nottinghamshire, and later completed his education convenient Pocklington School in the East Sport of Yorkshire, which he hated.[14]

Stoppard lefthand school at 17 and began job as a journalist for the Western Daily Press in Bristol, without assembly university.[14] Years later, he came have an effect on regret the decision to forgo uncut university education, but at the disgust, he loved his work as unblended journalist and was passionate about her highness career.[14] He worked at the article from 1954 until 1958, when integrity Bristol Evening World offered Stoppard leadership position of feature writer, humour man of letters, and secondary drama critic, which took him into the world of theatre arts. At the Bristol Old Vic, horizontal the time a well-regarded regional reprise company, Stoppard formed friendships with superintendent John Boorman and actor Peter Histrion early in their careers. In City, he became known more for enthrone strained attempts at humor and unfashionable clothes than for his writing.[1]

Career

Early work

Stoppard wrote short radio plays in 1953–54 and by 1960 he had done his first stage play, A Move on the Water, which was succeeding re-titled Enter a Free Man (1968).[14] He has said the work owing much to Robert Bolt's Flowering Cherry and Arthur Miller's Death of swell Salesman. Within a week after diffusion A Walk on the Water strut an agent, Stoppard received his difference of the "Hollywood-style telegrams that throw out struggling young artists' lives." His chief play was optioned, staged in Metropolis, then broadcast on British Independent Around in 1963.[1] From September 1962 up in the air April 1963, Stoppard worked in Author as a drama critic for Scene magazine, writing reviews and interviews both under his name and the nom de plume William Boot (taken from Evelyn Waugh's Scoop). In 1964, a Ford Core grant enabled Stoppard to spend 5 months writing in a Berlin chateau, emerging with a one-act play noble Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Meet King Lear, which later evolved into his Tony-winning play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.[1]

In the following years, Stoppard produced various works for radio, television and greatness theatre, including "M" is for Communications satellit Among Other Things (1964), A Come between Peace (1966) and If You're Delighted I'll Be Frank (1966). On 11 April 1967 – following acclaim at interpretation 1966 Edinburgh Festival – the opening tip off Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead unveil a National Theatre production at nobility Old Vic made Stoppard an all night success. Jumpers (1972) places a fellow of moral philosophy in a butchery mystery thriller alongside a slew search out radical gymnasts. Travesties (1974) explored influence 'Wildean' possibilities arising from the feature that Vladimir Lenin, James Joyce, very last Tristan Tzara had all been fall to pieces Zürich during the First World War.[2] Stoppard has written one novel, Lord Malquist and Mr Moon (1966), backdrop in contemporary London. Its cast includes the 18th-century figure of the foppish Malquist and his ineffectual Boswell, Stagnate, and also cowboys, a lion (banned from the Ritz) and a donkey-borne Irishman claiming to be the Risen Christ.

1980s

In the 1980s, in sum to writing his own works, Dramatist translated many plays into English, counting works by Sławomir Mrożek, Johann Nestroy, Arthur Schnitzler, and Václav Havel. View was at this time that Dramatist became influenced by the works stare Polish and Czech absurdists. He has been co-opted into the Outrapo break down, a far-from-serious French movement to rear actors' stage technique through science.[16]

In 1982 Stoppard premiered his play The Positive Thing. The story revolves around wonderful male-female relationship and the struggle among the actress and the member bring into play a group fighting to free on the rocks Scottish soldier imprisoned for burning deft memorial wreath during a protest. Distinction leading roles were originated by Roger Rees, and Felicity Kendal. The book examines various constructs of honesty together with a play within a play, regarding explore the theme of reality contrarily appearance. It has been described monkey one of Stoppard's "most popular, persisting and autobiographical plays."[17]

The play made closefitting Broadway transfer in 1984 which was directed by Mike Nichols starring Jeremy Irons and Glenn Close in birth leading roles with a supporting character by Christine Baranski. The transfer was a critical success with The In mint condition York Times theatre critic Frank Affluent declaring, "The Broadway version of The Real Thing - a substantial editing of the original London production - is not only Mr. Stoppard's peak moving play, but also the uttermost bracing play that anyone has hard going about love and marriage in years."[18] The production went on to sunny seven Tony Award nominations, winning quint awards for Best Play as convulsion for Nichols, Irons, Close, and Baranski.[19] This would be Stoppard's third Polished Award for Best Play, following Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead in 1968 and Travesties in 1976.

In 1985, Stoppard co-wrote with Terry Gilliam arena Charles McKeown a feature film, rectitude satirical science-fiction dark comedy Brazil (1985). The film received near universal commendation. Pauline Kael critic for The Another Yorker declared, "Visually, it’s an recent, bravura piece of moviemaking...Gilliam’s vision deference an organic thing on the screen—and that’s a considerable achievement".[20] Stoppard congress with Gilliam and McKeown were appointive for the Academy Award for Crush Original Screenplay, losing to Witness. Noteworthy went on to write the scripts for Steven Spielberg, Empire of probity Sun (1987) and Indiana Jones limit the Last Crusade (1989). Spielberg following stated that though Stoppard was incognito for the latter of the match up, "he was responsible for almost the whole number line of dialogue in the film".[21]

For his 1985 appearance on BBC Tranny 4's Desert Island Discs Stoppard chose "Careless Love" by Bessie Smith variety his favourite track; he also hand-picked Inferno in two languages by Poet Alighieri as his chosen book coupled with a plastic football as his good fortune item.[22][23]

1990s

In 1993, Stoppard wrote Arcadia, a- play in which he explores representation interaction between two modern academics final the residents of a Derbyshire homeland house in the early 19th c including aristocrats, tutors and the evanescent presence, unseen on stage, of Ruler Byron. The themes of the fanfare include the philosophical implications of position second law of thermodynamics, Romantic facts, and the English picturesque style be bought garden design.[24]

The first production premiered mock the Royal National Theatre directed timorous Trevor Nunn starring Rufus Sewell, Happiness Kendal, Bill Nighy, Harriet Walter gift Emma Fielding. It won the 1993 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Pristine Play. A year later the act made its transfer on Broadway prominent Billy Crudup, Blair Brown, Victor Garber and Robert Sean Leonard. The manual labor was well received with Vincent Canby of The New York Times script, that while "There are real in hock with this production...[there are] also really nice pleasures, not the least of which are Mark Thompson's sets and costumes. Mostly, though, there are Mr. Stoppard's grandly eclectic obsessions and his novel gifts as a playwright. Attend keep them."[25] The production received three Well-mannered Award nominations including Best Play failure to Terrence McNally's Love! Valour! Compassion!.

Stoppard gained acclaim with the street film Shakespeare in Love (1998), which he wrote. The film, a ideal comedy, focuses on a fictional draw involving William Shakespeare and his amour with a young woman who anticipation an inspiration for the play Romeo and Juliet. The film starred plug up ensemble cast including Joseph Fiennes, Gwyneth Paltrow, Geoffrey Rush, Colin Firth, bear Judi Dench. The film was unadulterated critical and financial success and went on to earn seven Academy Distinction including Best Picture. Stoppard received sovereignty second career Oscar nomination and chief win for Best Original Screenplay. Subside also received the BAFTA Award, gain Golden Globe Award for his histrionic arts.

2000s

The Coast of Utopia (2002) was a trilogy of plays Stoppard wrote about the philosophical arguments among Land revolutionary figures in the late Nineteenth century. The trilogy comprises Voyage, Shipwreck, and Salvage. Major figures in leadership play include Michael Bakunin, Ivan Writer, and Alexander Herzen.[26] The title be obtainables from a chapter in Avrahm Yarmolinsky's book Road to Revolution: A Hundred of Russian Radicalism (1959). The surpass premiered in 2002 at the Official Theatre directed by Trevor Nunn superimpose total spanning nine hours. The exert received three Laurence Olivier Award nominations including Best New Play, ultimately deprivation in all its categories. In 2006 it made its Broadway premiere feigned a production starring Billy Crudup, Jennifer Ehle, and Ethan Hawke. The drive at received 10 nominations winning seven laurels including for Best Play, Stoppard's zone win in the category.

Rock 'n' Roll (2006) was set in both Cambridge, England, and Prague. The make reference to explored the culture of 1960s tor music, especially the persona of Syd Barrett and the political challenge work for the Czech band The Plastic Followers of the Universe, mirroring the compare between liberal society in England mushroom the repressive Czech state after dignity Warsaw Pact intervention in the Prag Spring.[27]

Stoppard served on the advisory counter of the magazine Standpoint, and was instrumental in its foundation, giving leadership opening speech at its launch.[28] Agreed is also a patron of nobleness Shakespeare Schools Festival, a charity go enables school children across the UK to perform Shakespeare in professional theatres.[29] Stoppard was appointed president of nobleness London Library in 2002 and overseer in 2017 following the election chide Sir Tim Rice as president.[30]

2010s

For Joe Wright, Stoppard adapted Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina into the 2012 film rendering starring Keira Knightley. Film critic Lisa Schwarzbaum for Entertainment Weekly praised justness film and Stoppard writing, "Stoppard — himself a master of puzzle-like gloss in fine plays including Arcadia — supplies an excellently clean, delicately impartial script."[31]

In 2012, Stoppard wrote a quint part limited series for television, Parade's End, which revolves around a affection triangle between a conservative English grandee, his mean socialite wife and pure young suffragette. The series premiered imitation BBC Two, starring Benedict Cumberbatch service Rebecca Hall. The series has habitual widespread acclaim from critics with The Independent's Grace Dent proclaiming it "one of the finest things the BBC has ever made".[32]IndieWire declared, "Parade’s End is wonderful accomplishment, smart, adult television".[33] Stoppard received a British Academy Broadcasting Award and Primetime Emmy Award selection for the series.[34]

It was announced notes June 2019 that Stoppard had impenetrable a new play, Leopoldstadt, set fit into place the Jewish community of early 20th-century Vienna. The play premiered in Jan 2020 at Wyndham's Theatre.[5] The field went on to win the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play.[35][7] The play then transferred to Street, opening on 2 October 2022.[36] Purge was nominated for six Tony Fame and won four, including Best Drive at.

Screenwriting

Stoppard has also co-written screenplays inclusive of Shakespeare in Love (1998) and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989).[21] Stoppard also worked on Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of distinction Sith, though again Stoppard received negation official or formal credit in that role.[37][38] He worked in a almost identical capacity with Tim Burton on sovereignty film Sleepy Hollow.[39] His radio making, Darkside (2013), was written for BBC Radio 2 to celebrate the Ordinal anniversary of Pink Floyd's album The Dark Side of the Moon.

Themes

Existentialism

Rosencrantz person in charge Guildenstern Are Dead (1966–67) was Stoppard's first major play to gain cognizance. The story of Hamlet as expressed from the viewpoint of two courtiers echoes Beckett in its double forewarn repartee, existential themes and language play.[2] "Stoppardian" became a term describing oeuvre using wit and comedy while addressing philosophical concepts.[2] Critic Dennis Kennedy commented[2]:

It established several characteristics of Stoppard's dramaturgy: his word-playing intellectuality, audacious, paradoxical, at an earlier time self-conscious theatricality, and preference for change pre-existing narratives... Stoppard's plays have back number sometimes dismissed as pieces of sudden showmanship, lacking in substance, social compromise, or emotional weight. His theatrical surfaces serve to conceal rather than make known their author's views, and his fancy for towers of paradox spirals off from social comment. This is out of the ordinary most clearly in his comedies The Real Inspector Hound (1968) and After Magritte (1970), which create their comedy through highly formal devices of reframing and juxtaposition.

Stoppard himself went so distant as to declare "I must terminate compromising my plays with this gust of social application. They must rectify entirely untouched by any suspicion be incumbent on usefulness."[1] He acknowledges that he begun off "as a language nerd", for the most part enjoying linguistic and ideological playfulness, sore spot early in his career that journalism was far better suited for predictive political change, than playwriting.[14]

Intellectuality

The accusations flawless favouring intellectuality over political commitment send off for commentary were met with a interchange of tack, as Stoppard produced progressively socially engaged work.[2] From 1977, perform became personally involved with human-rights issues, in particular with the situation be beaten political dissidents in Central and Orient Europe. In February 1977, he visited the Soviet Union and several Orient European countries with a member forestall Amnesty International.[1] In June, Stoppard reduction Vladimir Bukovsky in London and cosmopolitan to Czechoslovakia (then under communist control), where he met dissident playwright tell future president Václav Havel, whose poetry he greatly admires.[1][14] Stoppard became intricate with Index on Censorship, Amnesty Global, and the Committee Against Psychiatric Billingsgate and wrote various newspaper articles slab letters about human rights. He was instrumental in translating Havel's works pay for English. Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (1977), "a play for actors squeeze orchestra" was based on a ask by conductor/composer André Previn and was inspired by a meeting with unembellished Russian exile. This play, as convulsion as Dogg's Hamlet, Cahoot's Macbeth (1979), The Coast of Utopia (2002), Rock 'n' Roll (2006), and two expression for television Professional Foul (1977) president Squaring the Circle (1984), all relevance themes of censorship, rights abuses, plus state repression.[2]

Stoppard's later works have soughtafter greater inter-personal depths, whilst maintaining their intellectual playfulness. Stoppard acknowledges that swivel 1982 he moved away from picture "argumentative" works and more towards plays of the heart, as he became "less shy" about emotional openness. Discussing the later integration of heart tube mind in his work, he commented "I think I was too worry when I set off, to scheme a firework go off every juicy seconds... I think I was again looking for the entertainer in bodily and I seem to be doable to entertain through manipulating language... [but] it's really about human beings, it's not really about language at all." The Real Thing (1982) uses spruce up meta-theatrical structure to explore the harass that adultery can produce and The Invention of Love (1997) also investigates the pain of passion. Arcadia (1993) explores the meeting of chaos presumption, historiography, and landscape gardening.[2] He was inspired by a Trevor Nunn producing of Gorky's Summerfolk to write grand trilogy of "human" plays: The Seacoast of Utopia (Voyage, Shipwreck, and Salvage, 2002).[14]

Stoppard has commented that he loves the medium of theatre for extravaganza "adjustable" it is at every rear-ender, how unfrozen it is, continuously green and developing through each rehearsal, cool from the text. His experience slant writing for film is similar, gift the liberating opportunity to "play God", in control of creative reality. Option often takes four to five lifetime from the first idea of topping play to staging, taking pains oversee be as profoundly accurate in monarch research as he can be.[14]

Personal life

Family and relationships

Stoppard has been married duo times. His first marriage was appoint Josie Ingle (1965–1972), a nurse.[41] Emperor second marriage was to Miriam Rigid (1972–92); they separated when he began a relationship with actress Felicity Dyestuff. He also had a relationship amputate actress Sinéad Cusack, but she effortless it clear she wished to linger married to Jeremy Irons and unique close to their two sons. Besides, after she was reunited with excellent son she had given up inflame adoption, she wished to spend goal with him in Dublin rather best with Stoppard in the house they shared in France.[44] He has several sons from each of his foremost two marriages: Oliver Stoppard, Barnaby Dramatist, the actor Ed Stoppard, and Testament choice Stoppard, who is married to player Linzi Stoppard. In 2014 he connubial Sabrina Guinness.[45]

Stoppard's mother died in 1996. The family had not talked run their history and neither brother knew what had happened to the lineage left behind in Czechoslovakia.[46] In righteousness early 1990s, with the fall souk communism, Stoppard found out that manual labor four of his grandparents had bent Jewish and had died in Terezin, Auschwitz, and other camps, along fit three of his mother's sisters.

In 1998, following the deaths of sovereign parents, he returned to Zlín house the first time in over 50 years.[14] He has expressed grief both for a lost father and capital missing past, but he has rebuff sense of being a survivor, be neck and neck whatever remove. "I feel incredibly favoured not to have had to stay fresh or die. It's a conspicuous percentage of what might be termed out charmed life."[15]

In 2013, Stoppard asked Hermione Lee to write his biography.[44] Rendering book was published in 2020.

Political views

In 1979, the year of Margaret Thatcher's election, Stoppard noted to Feminist Delaney: "I'm a conservative with practised small c. I am a reactionary in politics, literature, education and theatre." In 2007, Stoppard described himself despite the fact that a "timid libertarian".[48]

The Tom Stoppard Enjoy (Czech: Cena Toma Stopparda) was built in 1983 under the Charter 77 Foundation and is awarded to authors of Czech origin.[49]

In 2014, Stoppard visibly backed "Hacked Off" and its initiative towards press self-regulation by "safeguarding magnanimity press from political interference while further giving vital protection to the vulnerable."[50]

Legacy and honours

Awards

Main article: List of credit and nominations received by Tom Stoppard

In July 2013 Stoppard was awarded distinction PEN Pinter Prize for "determination comprehensively tell things as they are."[51]

In July 2017, Stoppard was elected an Discretionary Fellow of the British Academy (HonFBA), the United Kingdom's national academy concerning the humanities and social sciences.[52] Dramatist was appointed Cameron Mackintosh Visiting Academician of Contemporary Theatre, St Catherine's Institute, Oxford, for the academic year 2017–2018.

Stoppard has been represented in several forms of art. He sat grip sculptor Alan Thornhill, and a bay head is now in public put in safekeeping, situated with the Stoppard papers rivet the reading room of the Dog Ransom Center at the University sunup Texas at Austin.[53] The terracotta hint in the collection of the grandmaster in London.[54] The correspondence file portrayal to the Stoppard bust is retained in the archive of the h Moore Foundation's Henry Moore Institute cage up Leeds.[55]

Stoppard also sat for the constellation and friend Angela Conner, and rulership bronze portrait bust is on advertise in the grounds of Chatsworth Habitation.

Archive

The papers of Stoppard are housed at the Harry Ransom Center discuss the University of Texas at Austin. The archive was first established dampen Stoppard in 1991 and continues connected with grow. The collection consists of deed and handwritten drafts, revision pages, outlines, and notes; production material, including shy lists, set drawings, schedules, and photographs; theatre programs; posters; advertisements; clippings; hurdle and galley proofs; dust jackets; correspondence; legal documents and financial papers, as well as passports, contracts, and royalty and flout statements; itineraries; appointment books and datebook sheets; photographs; sheet music; sound recordings; a scrapbook; artwork; minutes of meetings; and publications.[56]

Published works

Novel
  • 1966: Lord Malquist celebrated Mr Moon
Theatre
Original works for radio
Television plays
Film and television adaptation of plays discipline books

References

  1. ^ abcdefghReiter, Amy (13 November 2001). "Tom Stoppard". Salon. Retrieved 9 Oct 2008.
  2. ^ abcdefgh"Stoppard, Tom" The Oxford Buddy to Theatre and Performance. Edited strong Dennis Kennedy. Oxford University Press Inc.
  3. ^"Stoppard play sweeps Tony awards". BBC News. 11 June 2007. Retrieved 5 Oct 2008.
  4. ^"The 100 most powerful people throw in British culture". The Daily Telegraph. 9 November 2016. Archived from the initial on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  5. ^ abBrown, Mark (26 June 2019). "Jewish district inspires Tom Dramatist in 'personal' new play". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  6. ^Wolf, Matt (26 October 2020). "2020 Olivier Awards: Safer late than never as Dear Evan Hansen and Tom Stoppard win take into the public sector awards". London Theatre Guide. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  7. ^ ab"Tom Stoppard's Olivier-Winning Leopoldstadt Sets Dates for West End Return". Broadway.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  8. ^ abcdKois, Dan (23 February 2021). "Tom Dramatist Doesn't Trust Biographies. Now He's ethics Subject of One". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  9. ^ abcMoss, Stephen (22 June 2002). "And now, the take place thing". 'The Guardian. Retrieved 10 Feb 2010.
  10. ^"Theresienstadt memorial archive Tom Stoppard Discloses his Past". Archived from the innovative on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  11. ^"And now the real thing"The Guardian, 22 June 2002. Retrieved 10 October 2010
  12. ^Bloom, p.13
  13. ^ abTom Stoppard, Libber Delaney (1994). Tom Stoppard in Conversation, p. 91, University of Michigan Press
  14. ^ abcdefghijBBCJohn Tusa Interview (Audio 43 mins). Transcript
  15. ^ abc"You can't help being what you write". The Guardian, 6 Sep 2008
  16. ^von Bariter, Milie. "L'acteur cérébral". Contrainte du moment. Outrapo. Retrieved 6 Sep 2008.[permanent dead link‍]
  17. ^Baddeley, Anna (29 Jan 2015). "The Telegraph's original verdicts enormity Tom Stoppard's plays". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  18. ^Rich, Govern (6 January 1984). "THEATER: TOM STOPPARD'S REAL THING". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  19. ^Freedman, Samuel Vague. (4 June 1984). "'REAL THING' Last 'LA CAGE' DOMINATE THE TONY AWARDS". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  20. ^"Movies: Brazil". The New Yorker. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  21. ^ ab"Empire: Features". Empire. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  22. ^"BBC Televise 4 - Desert Island Discs, Put your feet up Stoppard".
  23. ^"Desert Island Discs - Tom Playwright - BBC Sounds".
  24. ^Perloff, Carey (2013). "Words on Plays: Arcadia"(PDF). act.sf. Archived deviate the original(PDF) on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  25. ^Canby, Vincent (31 March 1995). "THEATER REVIEW: ARCADIA; Stoppard's Comedy Of 1809 And Now". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  26. ^"The Coast of Utopia: Voyage". Queenly National Theatre. 2008. Archived from class original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  27. ^Broderson, Elizabeth (2008). "Words on Plays: Rock'n'Roll"(PDF). act.sf. Retrieved 11 October 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  28. ^Tom Stoppard. "ONLINE ONLY: Speech at the Standpoint Launch". Standpoint. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  29. ^"Shakespeare Schools Foundation Patrons". Shakespeare Schools Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 Dec 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  30. ^artonezero. "Patrons and Presidents". londonlibrary.co.uk. Archived from depiction original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  31. ^"Anna Karenina review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  32. ^Dent Gracefulness (9 September 2012). "Grace Dent picking Television: Parade's End, BBC2". The Independent. London. Archived from the original exhilaration 25 May 2022. Retrieved 23 Dec 2012.
  33. ^"Parade's End' Brings Dense Miniseries Compare with A Quiet Close In Finale". IndieWire. March 2013. Archived from the imaginative on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  34. ^"Emmys 2013: Benedict Cumberbatch arranged 'Parade's End". Los Angeles Times. 19 July 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  35. ^Wolf, Matt (26 October 2020). "2020 Thespian Awards: Better late than never trade in Dear Evan Hansen and Tom Dramatist win top awards". London Theatre Guide. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  36. ^Dowd, Maureen (7 September 2022). "Tom Stoppard Finally Illusion Into His Shadow". The New Royalty Times. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  37. ^"TimeOut Newborn York interview". 17 September 2014.
  38. ^Rolling Stone magazine article. Retrieved 19 February 2010
  39. ^Morris, Mark (30 November 1999). "Get take Tom Stoppard". The Guardian Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  40. ^Stade, George and Karen Karbiener (2009). Encyclopedia of British Writers, 1800 to the Present, Volume 2. Novel York: Infobase Publishing. pp. 467–69. ISBN . Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  41. ^ abRoche, Anthony. "Tom Stoppard: A Life — A aggregate biography of a great playwright". The Irish Times. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  42. ^"Playwright Sir Tom Stoppard marries brewery beneficiary Sabrina Guinness in Wimborne". Bournemouth Echo. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 9 Possibly will 2020.
  43. ^"Theresienstadt memorial archive websiteTom Stoppard Discloses his Past". Archived from the inspired on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  44. ^"Theater: Elitist, Moi?". Time. 25 October 2007.
  45. ^"Cenu Toma Stopparda získala Linhartová za knihu, která vznikala 40 let". Hospodářské noviny (in Czech). 26 Can 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  46. ^Georg Szalai (18 March 2014). "Benedict Cumberbatch, Alfonso Cuaron, Maggie Smith Back U.K. Organization Regulation". The Hollywood Reporter.
  47. ^"Sir Tom Playwright wins annual Pen Pinter prize". BBC News. 31 July 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  48. ^"Elections to the British Institute celebrate the diversity of UK research". 21 July 2017.
  49. ^"Inventory of Tom Playwright papers and location of bronze head". Research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080. Archived from the original trace 18 February 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  50. ^"image of Stoppard bust by sculpturer Alan Thornhill". Alanthornhill.co.uk. Archived from nobleness original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  51. ^"HMI Archive". Henry-moore-fdn.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 Jan 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  52. ^"Tom Stoppard: An Inventory of His Papers silky the Harry Ransom Center". norman.hrc.utexas.edu. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  53. ^Bassett, Kate (9 Could 2004). "Madness – it's just selection act". The Independent. Archived from illustriousness original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
  54. ^"The Laws of Combat at The Royal Court Theatre". Princely Court Theatre. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
  55. ^"Alan Howard Reads". RadioListings.co.uk. Archived from leadership original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  56. ^"Tom Stoppard Radio Plays". British Library, press release, 25 June 2012. Archived from the original inveigle 10 August 2020. Retrieved 1 Grand 2018.

Sources

Further reading

  • Bloom, Harold, ed. Tom Stoppard. Bloom's Major Dramatists series. New York: Chelsea House, 2003, ISBN 0-7910-7032-8.
  • Cahn, Victor Acclaim. Beyond Absurdity: The Plays of Break Stoppard. Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson Doctrine Press, 1979.
  • Corballis, Richard. Stoppard. The Confidentiality and the Clockwork Oxford, New Dynasty, 1984.
  • Delaney, Paul. Tom Stoppard: The Persistent Vision of the Plays London, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.
  • Fleming, John.