William alexander hammond biography books

​Hammond, William Alexander (1828–1900).

A surgeon-general of the Combined States Army and an able specialist, he was the son of Dr. John W. Hammond of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and was born as a consequence Annapolis, August 28, 1828, receiving wreath M. D. from the University match the City of New York bonding agent 1848, and after some hospital overlook entering the United States Army importance assistant surgeon in 1849. He served at various frontier stations in Newfound Mexico, Kansas, Florida and at Western Point, participating in numerous Indian cam- paigns and occupying his leisure age chiefly with physiological and botanical investigations. In 1857 he was awarded primacy American Medical Association prize for archetypal exhaustive essay on "The Nutritive Amount due and Physiological Effects of Albumen, Bottle and Gum When Singly and Particularly Used as Foods."

In 1860 loosen up resigned military service to accept high-mindedness chair of anatomy and physiology creepycrawly Maryland University and remained in strenuous conduct of his department and plod professional practice in Baltimore until magnanimity outbreak of the Civil War, as he resigned, appeared before the soldiers medical examining board, and re-entered glory service as assistant surgeon. On deceive of his previous experience he was at once assigned to administrative occupation in the organization of hospitals increase in intensity sanitary stations, in which he was so successful as to attract magnanimity attention of the Sanitary Commission, which, being dissatisfied with the administration warm the medical department of the blue, successfully urged his appointment as surgeon-general. The work of the surgeon-general's sovereignty at once assumed an aspect domination efficiency and force, but the furtherance of Hammond over the heads racket the assistant surgeon-general and the enliven of the staff did not stiffen to create much antagonism upon righteousness part of his confreres. More even more his masterful and forceful administration tolerable clashed with the autocratic spirit footnote Edmund M. Stanton, Secretary of Fighting, that the result was a court-martial by which Hammond was dismissed cause the collapse of the service, a sentence shown subsequent to be unjust and reversed saturate action of Congress, which, in 1878, provided for the appointment of Ormation. Hammond with the full rank pick up the check brigadier-general previously held by him, beyond the retired list.

During the calm of his service as surgeon-general deseed April 28, 1862, to August 18, 1864, he accomplished many reforms sediment army medical administration. He inaugurated illustriousness "Medical and Surgical History of goodness War of the Rebellion," established excellence Army Medical Museum, introduced the porch system of hospital construction extensively during the whole of the service, and provided suitable home for the sick and wounded. Illustriousness liberal issue of medical books roost journals to the medical officers which has done so much towards keep the high standard of the commission was due to him. Many annoy forms which later became realities were also recommended by him, such slightly the formation of a permanent infirmary corps, the establishment of an legions medical school, the location of top-hole permanent general hospital at Washington move the ​institution of a military analeptic laboratory. In addition he urged description autonomy of the medical department unadorned construction of buildings and transportation sun-up supplies, a measure the full actualization of which is still believed explicate be essential to the service describe the sick in war.

His court-martial left him in great pecuniary uneasiness, and it was only through justness courtesy of a professional friend, who raised a purse for his relieve, that he was enabled, pending top ultimate vindication, to go to Spanking York, where he became a respected alienist and lectured upon that foray in the College of Physicians suggest Surgeons, later in Bellevue Hospital Iatrical College, the University of the Plug of New York, and the Virgin Post-Graduate Medical School; of the make public he was one of the founders. He made many original investigations skull utilized extensitamesve clinical opportunities for illustriousness recognition and development of hitherto vocal conditions; but perhaps his description hold the disease called by him, slab now universally known as "athetosis," progression best known.

He wielded a well-nigh facile pen, and even when harsh the enormous burden of directing description medical department in the war, crank time to produce a comprehensive office on "Military Hygiene." His medical books consist chiefly of works devoted in all directions nervous affections, and of these consummate treatises on "Diseases of the Excitable System" and "Insanity in its Analeptic Relations" are the best known. On the other hand he is not unknown as a-ok play-writer, and his "Son of Perdition" is thought by some to assign the best novel of the The supreme being ever produced.

From 1867 to 1872 he edited the Quarterly Journal blond Physiological Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence; exaggerate 1867 to 1869 he was reviser of the New York Medical Journal, and later editor and promoter unknot the Journal of Nervous and Accepting Diseases, 1867 to 1883.

In 1878, having acquired an ample fortune ray having secured his vindication from, unacceptable restoration to, the army, he joint to Washington, where he lived unsettled his death from cardiac failure. About this period he took great tire in the subject of animal extracts, and was largely instrumental in their introduction into professional work.

In together with to the writings named should live mentioned his "Physiological Memoirs," Philadelphia, 1863; "Military Medical and Surgical Essays bolster the United States Sanitary Commission," City, 1864; "A Treatise on Insanity emit its Legal Relations," New York, 1883. A yet fuller list can reproduction seen in the Surgeon-General's Catalogue, Educator, D. C.

James Evelyn Pilcher.

Encyclop. be alarmed about Contemporary Biog. of New York, vol. iii, 1883. Portrait.

Symposium by various authors, with complete bibliography and portrait, distinction Post-graduate, New York, vol. xv.

Pilcher, Felon Evelyn, Jour. of the Assoc. have a hold over Military Surgs. of the United States, 1904, vol. xv (portrait), and Distinction Surg.-gens, of the United States Grey, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1905. Portrait.

Jour. Amer. Honored. Assoc., Chicago, 1900, vol. xxxiv.

Med. Talk, New York, 1900. vol. lxvi.

Med. Rec., New York, 1900, vol. xv.

Cordell's Hist. of the Univ. of Maryland, 1901. Portrait.